Volume IX, Issue 1, 2015
Abstract
The present study examines the relationship between maternal health and survival chances of infants in two transylvanian mountain villages called Szentegyházasfalva and Kápolnásfalva (in Romanian: Vlăhiţa and Căpâlniţa) in the period between 1850 and 1939. The investigation is based on the multivariate analysis of individual level and longitudinal data reconstructed from parish registers. As indicators of maternal health status we used the informations about the mother’s age at childbirth, the length of previous birth intervals and the proportion of older siblings who died in infancy. Neonatal and postneonatal periods were analysed separately. According to the results, survival chances of the newborn strongly depended on the mother’s health status. With the increase of the length of previous birth interval the survival chances of infants improve significantly. A serious risk factor of neonatal survival was the proportion of the mother’s previously born children who died in infancy. Furthermore, the phenomenon of infant death clustering has also been confirmed. The death clusters predominated around the time of childbirth and in the neonatal period which shows the endogenous nature of the underlying factors. This evidence makes it plausible that maternal health played a role.
Keywords
infant mortality, maternal depletion, Transylvania, death clustering
Abstract
This article explores racialized migrants labour market integration strategies, utilizing many of their own words which were gathered through an intensive one-on-one interviews followed by a focus group interview with 30 participants. The outcome revealed 10 phases of jobs search strategies and its outcomes. The results highlights migrants resiliency in dealing with difficulties of acquiring new skills and securing employment in their local labour market. These difficulties subsequently led to accepting entry level jobs, re-training for new skills, working overseas or relocating nationally and internationally to work in their field.
Keywords
labor market, migration, ethnicity, employment, integration, exclusion
Abstract
This study examines a Romanian town from Bacău county, named Slănic Moldova, which has experienced a strong emigration. The survey help to see the attitude of children concerning the migration of their parents and what chances are to continue their studies. Were all questioned 80 students from the age of ten to the age of nineteen. Using the data obtained through the application of questionnaire, this article try to give an answer to the following question: Is parental migration a barrier on children development, or contrary to this idea, children whose parents migrate are more likely to continue their studies?.
Keywords
emigration, impact, children left behind, questionnaire, Slănic Moldova.
Abstract
This paper uses data from the 2000 and 2004 Malawi Demographic and Health Surveys to examine the factors explaining the contraceptive method choice in Malawi. The overall proportion of users relying on female sterilization rose from 1.7% to 7.5% whereas the proportion of users relying on injectables increased from 1.5% to 19.2% between 1992 and 2010. The proportion of married contraceptive users relying on the pill remained unchanged at 2% and the proportion using condom increased slightly from 1.6% to 2.7% over the same period. Use of traditional methods declined from 5.7% to 3.2%. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to study the determinants of the contraceptive method-choice. The results show that the major factors influencing the use of injectable, sterilisation, pills, condoms and other methods are age, partners approval of family planning, family planning discussion with partner, number of living children, work status, education and visit to a health centre. As a policy measure, information, education and communication programmes on family planning should be intensified, particularly in rural areas and targeting men.
Keywords
Malawi, Contraceptive use, logistic regression, socio-economic, Demographic and Health Survey
Abstract
This study aims at investigating the determinants of unwanted births in Bangladesh and examines the dominance of each of these determinants over others. This study based 2011 BDHS data from which 5,493 ever married women were finally selected as the unit of analysis. Logistic regression analysis has been applied to underscore the determinants and to examine the control effects of variables. Result shows that about 17 percent women reported their last birth was unwanted and 83 percent of them married before reaching age 18. Unmet need for family planning, marriage at younger age , religion, low schooling years of women, and husbands desire for more children emerged as dominant factors despite control effects in the process and these factors influenced to have far higher unwanted births than their respective counterparts. The most striking finding of this study is that, along with the unmet need for family planning, there are few other factors that also supersede sex preferences. Influence of child loss experience on having unwanted birth has appeared to be insignificant. Along with the quality and pervasive family planning services, delivery of negotiation assistance to the service seekers, through the existing family planning service setup, to convince their spouses would produce great result.
Keywords
unwanted fertility, total fertility rate, replacement level fertility, unmet need, sex preference.
Abstract
In the context of various changes related to family and as well to the idea of familism, numerous questions are raised about the consequences of these transformations on intergenerational transfers between members of extended family. Bulgaria and Romania, two former socialist countries, are beginning to face the same demographic changes, so a new niche starts to worth to be explored for the two countries. Focusing on practical support provided by adult children and by parents, the article will address a both a descriptive and an explanatory approach on the differences between rural and urban areas in Bulgaria and Romania. Using personal and family characteristics, living arrangements and opinions about family responsibilities, I will try to show on what grounds informal support transfers occur
Keywords
family relationship, intergenerational transfers, functional solidarity, normative solidarity
Abstract
Adolescent population and health of adolescents is a very special issue and is focus of attention globally for various reasons. The world today is home to the largest generation of 10-19 year old in our history and number over one billion and their population is continuously increasing. Adolescents need to be treated as a distinct segment of our population and it is important to realize and address their health and lifestyle problems. Adolescence is characterized by a strong tendency to experiment with risk behavior. The desire for novelty and the courage for experiment are much greater in adolescence than in later life. Most commonly reported behaviors in this population include such as aggressive behavior, smoking and drinking alcohol, sexual behavior, poor eating habits, lack of physical exercise, etc. Adolescent health provides the foundation for adult health status. Life-long patterns of healthy behaviors are established at this time.
Unhealthy adolescent behaviors can become long-term risk factors for chronic health conditions in adulthood. The health of adolescent is shaped by: parents and families, peers, school, health care systems, neighborhoods and communities, faith communities, employers, government. These factors impact young peoples sense of health and well-being by affecting their capacity to withstand life stressors, their ability to transition in developmentally appropriate ways, and their ability to make decisions about healthy behaviors. The study was carried out under the supervision of the National Institute of Public Health, Romania, Regional Center for Public Health Cluj for the year 2012 on a sample of 4691 school-aged children from 40 Romanian counties.
Keywords
adolescence, health risk behaviour, predictive factors, lifestyle
Abstract
By focusing on the emergence of the document “For a more just world”, proposed by the Romanian delegation at the World Population Conference, Bucharest 1974, and adopted as its resolution, my presentation explores the relationship between the political realm and demographical sciences in defining the population problem at the beginning of the 1970s. I argue that the position Romania delegation professed at the WPC is the result of complex interactions between the pronatalist goals of the Communist regime and the international debate on the relationship between population and development from the beginning of the 1970s. The most important primary sources of my presentation are daily reports of the Romanian delegation, mainly identified in the Archive of the Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs- UN Problem Archival Fund, and edited proceedings of the WPC.
Keywords
population, development, family-planning, World Population Conference 1974