Daniela Angi, Gabriel Bădescu, Sorana Alexandra Constantinescu, Viorela Ducu, Áron Telegdi-Csetri

When Children Need Protection from Parents: Citizens’ Views of the Bodnariu Case in Romania and Their Determinants

Daniela Angi, Gabriel Bădescu, Sorana Alexandra Constantinescu, Viorela Ducu, Áron Telegdi-Csetri


Article Information

Pages: 39-60

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24193/RJPS.2024.1.03

Daniela Angi, Gabriel Bădescu, Sorana Alexandra Constantinescu

Babeş-Bolyai University, Faculty of Political, Administrative and Communication Sciences, General Traian Moşoiu 71, 400132 Cluj-Napoca, Romania, angi@fspac.ro, badescu@fspac.ro, sorana.constantinescu@fspac.ro

Viorela Ducu

Babeş-Bolyai University, Faculty of Sociology and Social Work, 28-130 21 Decembrie 1989 Blvd, 400604 Cluj-Napoca, Romania, viorela.telegdi@ubbcluj.ro

Áron Telegdi-Csetri

Babeş-Bolyai University, Centre for the Study of Transnational Families, Minerilor 85, 400409, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, aron.telegdi@fspac.ro


Abstract. The article examines the relationship between child protection policies and public attitudes in Romania through the lens of the Bodnariu case in Norway (also known as the Naustdal case). We use data collected through a representative survey of the Romanian adult population to explore citizens’ attitudes toward this case. Our analysis reveals several compelling insights. Even five years later, more than half of the respondents vividly recall the Bodnariu case, and a significant majority of them express dissatisfaction with its handling. Notably, religiosity and views on the church-state relationship emerge as robust predictors of public perception of child protection services in Norway and the role of Romanian authorities. Gender, age, and education also exert significant influence. At the same time, those who remember the case tend to exhibit greater support for non-democratic alternatives, including a church-led regime.

Keywords: child protection; child protection systems; Bodnariu case; Norway; Romania; corporal punishment.


References

Alexandrescu, R. (2016). “Ce aduce în dezbatere cazul Bodnariu? [What does the Bodnariu case bring to the debate?]”. Revista 22. January 19, 2016. https://revista22.ro/opinii/raluca-alexandrescu/ce-aduce-n-dezbatere-cazul-bodnariu

Alexandrescu, V. (2019). Children of Herod. Moral report on children left in the care of the state. Bucharest: Humanitas.

Anghel, R., Herczog, M., Dima, G. (2013). “The challenge of reforming child protection in Eastern Europe: The cases of Hungary and Romania”. Psychosocial Intervention 22(3): 239-249.

Băluță, I. (2014). “Child care in Post-Communist Romania between familialist ideology, labour market and gender roles”. Revista de cercetare si interventie sociala 46: 227-242. Retrieved from https://www.rcis.ro/images /documente/rcis46_17.pdf

Benbenishty, R., Davidson-Arad, B., López, M., Devaney, J., Spratt, T., Koopmans, C., Knorth, E. J., Witteman, C. L. M., Del Valle, J. F., Hayes, D. (2015). “Decision making in child protection: An international comparative study on maltreatment substantiation, risk assessment and interventions recommendations, and the role of professionals’ child welfare attitudes”. Child Abuse and Neglect 49: 63-75.

Berrick, J. D., Skivenes, M., Roscoe, J. N. (2023). “Parental Freedom in the Context of Risk to the Child: Citizens’ Views of Child Protection and the State in the US and Norway”. Journal of Social Policy 52(4): 864-885.

Brătianu, I., Roșca, C. (2005). Copilul institutionalizat intre protectie si abuz [The institutionalized child, between protection and abuse]. Lumen.

Bulboacă, S. (2016). “Form of Children’s Discrimination in Romania”. Revista de Administratie Publica si Politici Sociale 16(1): 101. Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/forms-children-s-discrimination-romania/docview/1854777128/se-2

Burns, K., Helland, H. S., Križ, K., Sánchez-Cabezudo, S. S., Skivenes, M., Strömpl, J. (2021). “Corporal punishment and reporting to child protection authorities: An empirical study of population attitudes in five European countries”. Children and Youth Services Review 120: 105749.

Deák, E. (2020). “A gyermekvédelmi rendszer alakulása Romániában [The Development of the Child Protection System in Romania]” Erdélyi Társadalom 18 (1): 25-35.

Deutsche Welle. (2004). “Romania Bans Foreign Adoptions. Deutsche Welle”, December 22, 2004. https://www.dw.com/en/romania-bans-foreign-adoptions/a-1243642

Dumanescu, L. (2014). “Family upbringing in communist Romania”. Family Upbringing (Wychowanie w Rodzinie) 9: 49-61.

End Corporal Punishment. (n.d.). https://endcorporalpunishment.org/ countdown/

Falch-Eriksen, A., Skivenes, M. (2019). “Right to protection”. In M. Langford, M. Skivenes, K. H. Søvig (Eds). Children’s rights in Norway: An implementation paradox? Universitetsforlaget, pp. 107-135.

Hayes, B. E., O’Neal, E. N. (2018). “The effects of individual-and national-level factors on attitudes toward child maltreatment”. Child Abuse and Neglect 83: 83-93.

Helland, T. (2020). “Overview of the child protection systems”. In T. Helland and K. Luhamaa (Eds). A comparative analysis of the child protection systems in the Czech Republic, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Romania and Russia. Center for Research on Discretion and Paternalism. University of Bergen, pp. 25-48.

Herczog, M. (2021). “Deinstitutionalization efforts of the child care system in Europe-transition from institutional to family-and community-based Services”. In K. Kufeldt (Ed.) Protecting Children: Theoretical and Practical Aspects . Canadian Scholars, pp. 370-386.

Hotnews. (2016). “Cazul Bodnariu- Mii de persoane au protestat in fata ambasadelor Norvegiei din tari precum SUA, Canada sau Spania [The Bodnariu case – Thousands of people protested in front of the Norwegian embassies in countries such as the USA, Canada or Spain]”. Hotnews.ro, January 10, 2016, https://hotnews.ro/cazul-bodnariu-mii-de-persoane-au-protestat-in-fata-ambasadelor-norvegiei-din-tari-precum-sua-canada-sau-spania-489664

Johansen, S. M. (2023). “The right to respect for family life: Do parents have a right to parenting support?” In M. Takle, J. S. Vedeler, M. A. Schoyen, K. K. Bøhler, A. Falch-Eriksen (Eds). Citizenship and Social Exclusion at the Margins of the Welfare State. Routledge, pp. 92-107.

Juhasz, I., Skivenes, M. (2017). “The population’s confidence in the child protection system–a survey study of England, Finland, Norway and the United States (California)”. Social Policy and Administration 51(7): 1330-1347.

Loen, M., Skivenes, M. (2023). “Legitimate child protection interventions and the dimension of confidence: A comparative analysis of populations views in six European countries”. Journal of Social Policy 1-20.

Luhamaa, K. (2020). “Norway in the international context”. In T. Helland and K. Luhamaa (Eds). A comparative analysis of the child protection systems in the Czech Republic, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Romania and Russia. Center for Research on Discretion and Paternalism. University of Bergen, pp. 49-54.

Mag, A. G. (2013). “Children’s Voices and their Impact-Case Study in Romania”. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 93: 1105-1109.

Ministerul Afacerilor Externe. (2016). “Declaraţii de presă susţinute de purtătorul de cuvânt al MAE cu privire la cazul Bodnariu [Press statements made by the spokesperson of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs regarding the Bodnariu case]”. January 14, 2016. https://www.mae.ro/node/35288

Neagu, M. (2015). “Children by Request: Romania’s Children Between Rights and International Politics”. International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family 29(2): 215-236.

Neagu, M. (2021). Voices from the Silent Cradles. Policy Press.

Pantazi, C. (2016). “Cazul Bodnariu, exemplu de ciocnire a civilizatiilor. Autoritatile norvegiene au luat cei cinci copii in custodie pe motiv de violenta fizica, parintii recunosc “palme la fund”, dar reclama masuri disproportionate. Cronologia evenimentelor [The Bodnariu case, an example of the clash of civilizations. The Norwegian authorities took the five children into custody on the grounds of physical violence, the parents admit “slapping their bottoms”, but claim disproportionate measures. Chronology of events]”. Hotnews.ro, January 6, 2016. https://hotnews.ro/cazul-bodnariu-exemplu-de-ciocnire-a-civilizatiilor-autoritatile-norvegiene-au-luat-cei-cinci-copii-in-custodie-pe-motiv-de-violenta-fizica-parintii-recunosc-palme-la-fund-dar-reclam-490133

Parlamentul României. (2004). Legea nr. 272 din 21 iunie 2004 privind protectia și promovarea drepturilor copilului [Law 272 / June 21st, 2004, on the protection and promotion of child rights]. https://legislatie.just.ro/ Public/DetaliiDocument/52909

Paulesc, J. C. (2019). Government, God and Family: A Multi-Modal Analysis of Stories and Storytelling in an Online Social Movement. A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy, Arizona State University. ASU Electronic Theses and Dissertations.

Popescu, I. (2016). “Manifestații de solidaritate cu familia Bodnariu în mai multe orașe din lume [ Demonstrations of solidarity with the Bodnariu family in several cities around the world]”. Revista 22. January 10, 2016. https://revista22.ro/international/manifestatii-de-solidaritate-cu-familia-bodnariu-in-mai-multe-orase-din-lume

Popoviciu, S., Birle, D., Popoviciu, I., Bara, D. (2013). “Social workers’ perspectives on parental engagement when children are at risk in Romanian society”. Child and Family Social Work 18(3): 354-364.

Richter Nunes, R. (2021). “Participation in child protection: empowering children in placement processes”. The International Journal of Human Rights 6(3): 420–436.

Roth, M., Antal, I., Dávid-Kacsó, Á., László, É. (2019a). “Forms, Impact and Consequences of Violence against Children in Romanian Child Protection Settings”. In Human Rights for Children and Youth: Sociocultural Differentiation, Resistance and Unity Sociological Studies of Children and Youth. Emerald Publishing Limited, Vol. 24, pp. 99-131.

Roth, M., Antal, I., Călian, D. (2019b). “Sistemul protectiei copilului în România [The child protection system in Romania]”. In M. Roth (Ed.) Principii versus practici în sistemul de protecție a copilului [Principles versus practices in the child protection system] Cluj-Napoca: Presa Universitară Clujeană, pp. 11-24.

Rus, A.V., Stativa, E., Pennings, J.S., Cross, D.R., Ekas, N., Purvis, K.B., Parris, S.R. (2013). “Severe punishment of children by staff in Romanian placement centers for school-aged children: Effects of child and institutional characteristics”. Child Abuse and Neglect 37(12): 1152-1162.

Rus, A.V., Stativa, E., Butterfield, M.E, Pennings, J.S., Parris, S.R., Burcea, G., Wenyika, R. (2018). “Peer exploitation: Findings from a Romanian National representative sample of children living in long-term residential centres”. Child Abuse Review 27 (1): 58-71.

Skivenes, M. (2021). “Exploring populations view on thresholds and reasons for child protection intervention – comparing England, Norway, Poland and Romania”. European Journal of Social Work 26(1): 92–107.

Skivenes, M., Benbenishty, R. (2022). “Populations trust in the child protection system: A cross-country comparison of nine high-income jurisdictions”. Journal of European Social Policy 32(4): 422-435.

Skivenes, M., Falch-Eriksen, A., Hassan, B. (2024). “Restricting family life-an examination of citizens’ views on state interventions and parental freedom in eight European countries”. European Journal of Social Work 27(3): 490-504.

Soare, S., Tufis, C. D. (2023). “No populism’s land? Religion and gender in Romanian politics”. Identities 30(1): 112-130.

Szabó, B. (2020). “Social Work in Romania: Education, Professional Life, and Challenges”. In: S.M., S., Baikady, R., Sheng-Li, C., Sakaguchi, H. (Eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Global Social Work Education. Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 525-537.

Telegdi-Csetri, Á., Constantinescu, S., Ducu, V., Roth, M. (2021). “Adult-Child Co-agency – For or Against Children’s Rights”. In R. Baikady, S. Sajid, J. Przeperski, V. Nadesan, I. Rezaul, J. Gao (Eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Global Social Problems. Palgrave Macmillan.

Ursa, E. (2000). “Conștientizarea drepturilor copiilor ca metodă de prevenire a abuzului”. Calitatea Vieții 11(1-4): 143–158. Retrieved from https://revistacalitateavietii.ro/journal/article/view/1055.

UNICEF. (2023). Evidence from across countries of the positive impact of prohibiting corporal punishment. March 23, 2023. https://www.unicef.org/safetolearncoalition/stories/evidence-across-countries-positive-impact-prohibiting-corporal-punishment

Vasile, R. (2016). “Detalii ale cazului Bodnariu. Autorităţile române încearcă, în limita prerogativelor lor, să ajute la soluţionarea cazului Bodnariu [Details of the Bodnariu case. The Romanian authorities are trying, within the limits of their prerogatives, to help solve the Bodnariu case]”. Radio Romania International, January 14, 2016. https://www.rri.ro/actualitate/in-actualitate/detalii-ale-cazului-bodnariu-id580191.html

Voicu, C., Anghel, A., Savu-Cristescu, M. (2015). “Parental Education for Children′s Rights”. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 191: 1707-1712.